Tag: dna

Researchers Have Cracked the 4,500-Year-Old Genome of a Mummy From Egypt’s First Pyramid Age

An ancient Egyptian genome has finally been unraveled after four decades of study, thanks to a sample collected from a mummy dating back to the time of the first pyramids.

The achievement marks the first complete sequencing of a genome of such antiquity collected from the region. The genetic data revealed information about the movement of people over millennia, as 80% of the individual’s DNA corresponds to ancient North Africans, while 20% is related to ancient West Asians.

The remains reveal a story of a hard life of manual labor, lived by an individual who possibly belonged to an ancient Egyptian pottery community.

A Decades-Long Genetic Quest

Forty years ago, Svante Pääbo, a Nobel Prize-winning Swedish geneticist, conducted the first successful extraction of ancient Egyptian DNA, although his work only resulted in a partial sequence. Now, scientists at the Francis Crick Institute and Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) have conducted the first complete sequencing after working with the oldest Egyptian DNA sample ever collected.

“Forty years have passed since the early pioneering attempts to retrieve DNA from mummies without successful sequencing of an ancient Egyptian genome,” said co-author Pontus Skoglund, Group Leader of the Ancient Genomics Laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute. “Ancient Egypt is a place of extraordinary written history and archaeology, but challenging DNA preservation has meant that no genomic record of ancestry in early Egypt has been available for comparison.” 

“Building on this past research, new and powerful genetic techniques have allowed us to cross these technical boundaries and rule out contaminating DNA, providing the first genetic evidence for potential movements of people in Egypt at this time,” Skoglund added.

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NHS plans to DNA test all babies to assess disease risk

Every newborn baby in England will have their DNA mapped to assess their risk of hundreds of diseases, under NHS plans for the next 10 years.

The scheme, first reported by the Daily Telegraph, is part of a government drive towards predicting and preventing illness, which will also see £650m invested in DNA research for all patients by 2030.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting said gene technology would enable the health service to “leapfrog disease, so we’re in front of it rather than reacting to it”.

It comes after a study analysing the genetic code of up to 100,000 babies was announced in October.

The government’s 10-year plan for the NHS, which is set to be revealed over the coming few weeks, is aimed at easing pressure on services.

The Department for Health and Social Care said that genomics – the study of genes – and AI would be used to “revolutionise prevention” and provide faster diagnoses and an “early warning signal for disease”.

Screening newborn babies for rare diseases will involve sequencing their complete DNA using blood samples from their umbilical cord, taken shortly after birth.

There are approximately 7,000 single-gene disorders. The NHS study which began in October only looked for gene disorders that develop in early childhood and for which there are effective treatments.

Currently, newborn babies are offered a heelprick blood test that checks for nine serious conditions, including cystic fibrosis.

The health secretary said in a statement: “With the power of this new technology, patients will be able to receive personalised healthcare to prevent ill-health before symptoms begin, reducing the pressure on NHS services and helping people live longer, healthier lives.”

Streeting added: “The revolution in medical science means that we can transform the NHS over the coming decade, from a service which diagnoses and treats ill-health to one that predicts and prevents it.”

Sequencing DNA gives a lot of information about a person which can then be used to make predictions about the likelihood of them having particular genetic diseases, according to Prof Robin Lovell-Badge, a geneticist at the Francis Crick Institute.

These include conditions like muscular dystrophy, liver diseases and some kidney problems, he told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme.

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FDA halts Biden-era program of sending Americans’ DNA to China for genetic engineering

The Trump administration is halting companies from conducting clinical trials in China using Americans’ DNA samples in a program authorized by the Biden administration, according to the Food and Drug Administration.

The FDA said an immediate review has begun on new clinical trials that involve sending living cells of U.S. citizens to China and other hostile states for “genetic engineering and subsequent infusion back into U.S. patients — sometimes without their knowledge or consent.”

The agency moved to halt the program based on what it said is mounting evidence that some of the trials were conducted without informing people involved that their biological material was being transferred and manipulated.

The activity “may have exposed Americans’ sensitive genetic data to misuse by foreign governments including adversaries,” the FDA said in a statement Wednesday.

FDA Commissioner Marty Makary said the unacknowledged transfer of DNA samples has raised questions about the integrity of U.S. biomedical research.

“We are taking action to protect patients, restore public trust and safeguard U.S. biomedical leadership,” Dr. Makary said. “The previous administration turned a blind eye and allowed American DNA to be sent abroad — often without the knowledge or understanding of trial participants,” he said.

The FDA said the suspect transfer of Americans’ biomedical samples was the result of a December 2024 policy by the Biden administration that was put in place by the Justice Department in April.

The Biden rule imposed export controls that limited the transfer of sensitive data to countries of concern. But the Biden administration specifically approved a “sweeping exemption” that allowed U.S. companies to send trial participants’ biological samples, including DNA, for processing overseas in FDA-regulated clinical trials.

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‘Genetic optimization’: Embryo ranking treats children as marketable goods, critics warn

An embryo screening service is drawing sharp criticism from scientists, ethicists and faith leaders who say the technology turns parents into shoppers and children into products.

Manhattan biotech startup Nucleus Genomics is marketing its Nucleus Embryo platform as a tool for genetic “optimization.” It allows couples undergoing in vitro fertilization to upload and rank DNA from up to 20 embryos based on potential intelligence, anxiety, addiction risk and more.

Embryos can come from whichever egg and sperm sources were used in that cycle.

For a minimum of $5,999, parents can receive “polygenic risk scores” estimating the likelihood that their future children will develop diseases such as Alzheimer’s or diabetes or possess traits such as high IQ, low BMI, anxiety resistance or a particular eye color.

“Every parent wants to give their children more than they had,” Nucleus Genomics posted on X alongside a promotional video showing a dashboard where users can sort embryos by projected traits.

To some critics, however, the premise behind the tool is less about love and more about control.

“For some parents, it looks for things like the potential for diabetes, the potential for deafness, conditions that are treatable or healable with today’s modern medicine,” Emma Waters, policy analyst for the Center for Technology and the Human Person at The Heritage Foundation, told The Washington Times.

“But in many other cases, the ones that are equally if not more disturbing, parents are actively using this technology to select children that are the smartest, have a certain personality, are the right sex or otherwise fit their model image of what a child should be — whether that’s blue eyes or blond hair or something else,” Ms. Waters said.

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The Weaponization of Gene-Edited Mosquitoes

There are several dimensions to the mosquito crisis. The release of gene-edited male mosquitoes, coupled with the development of a dengue and malaria vaccine

But that is but the tip of the iceberg.

According to F. William Engdahl in 2018, the weaponization of insects is on the drawing board of the Pentagon:

There is strong evidence that the Pentagon, through its research and development agency, DARPA, is developing genetically modified insects that would be capable of destroying agriculture crops of a potential enemy.

The claim has been denied by DARPA, but leading biologists have sounded the alarm on what is taking place using new “gene-editing” CRISPR technology to in effect weaponize insects.

It’s like a 21st Century update of the Biblical plague of locusts, only potentially far worse.

Under the DARPA project, Genetic Alteration Agents or viruses will be introduced into the insect population to directly influence the genetic makeup of crops.

DARPA plans to use leaf hoppers, white flies, and aphids to introduce select viruses into crops. Among other dubious claims they say it will help farmers combat ‘climate change’.

What no one can answer, especially as neither the Pentagon nor the US FDA are asking, is how will the genetically engineered viruses in the insects interact with other microorganisms in the environment?

If crops are constantly being inundated by genetically modified viruses, how could this could alter the genetics and immune systems of humans who depend on the crops?

See F. William Engdahl, Why Is the Pentagon “Weaponizing Insects”? October 30, 2018

This posting includes excerpts from Jordan Shachtel, Amie Wek and Jamie White followed by the article of F. William Engdahl.

The World Mosquito Program plans to release five billion mosquitoes into Brazil.

“And the hope is they will help save lives. [Once] you see the reductions in disease transmission, it doesn’t seem like a horror movie any more,” Scott O’Neill, director of the World Mosquito Program” (CBC, April 2023)

Implemented concurrently with the influx of 5 billion friendly mosquitoes, Brazil approved in March 2023 a vaccine against dengue.

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Some Jolly Rancher sweets unsafe to eat, FSA says

A number of products from a brand of US sweets are “unsafe to eat” and contain ingredients which could damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) has warned.

UK businesses and consumers are being urged to stop buying and selling the Jolly Ranchers products, owned by US company Hershey.

The FSA says they contain chemical compounds – mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) and mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) – which are “not compliant with UK laws”.

The products pose a safety risk if consumed regularly over time but there is “no immediate cause for concern, as [the] food safety risk is low”, the agency adds.

In a food alert published on Wednesday evening, the FSA said: “MOAH can cause damage to DNA and has the potential to increase the risk of cancer, particularly if consumed in high quantities over a prolonged period of time.

“MOAH is a genotoxic carcinogen, therefore no exposure is without risk to human health.”

MOAH and MOSH are used in confectionery to prevent stickiness and create a glossy appearance.

According to the agency, The Hershey Company has been working with the UK government body to remove the affected Jolly Rancher products from the UK market since 2024, but some businesses in Britain have continued to import the products.

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‘This is insane:’ Lawmakers grill 23andMe exec on what sale means for genetic data

The bankruptcy sale of the direct-to-consumer genetic testing company 23andMe and its trove of genetic data has raised serious national security concerns among lawmakers on Capitol Hill. They want to know what will be done to make sure the data will stay out of the hands of adversaries like China.

“It’s hard to not sit here and listen to this conversation and not feel like we’re living through a sci-fi movie,” Rep. Melanie Stansbury, D-N.M., said during Tuesday’s House Oversight Committee hearing where 23andMe’s interim CEO Joe Selsavage and founder and former CEO Anne Wojcicki, who is also bidding to buy the company, appeared as witnesses.

“A private company has our data, they experience bankruptcy and now, we have no federal regulatory system to protect that data. And we’re concerned that foreign adversaries might purchase the company and thus, the data. I mean, this is insane. Like this is crazy,” Stansbury said.

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House Passes Bill Stripping States’ Right to Regulate AI—After FDA OK’s Use of Your Blood and Genetic Data Without Consent

The Republican-controlled U.S. House of Representatives on Thursday passed the 1,116-page “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” that removes all 50 states’ right to regulate artificial intelligence (10) for the next ten years.

The only Republican Representatives to vote ‘no’ were Thomas Massie (KY) and Warren Davidson (OH).

Every other GOP member voted to block your state from regulating AI.

The bill reads: “No State or political subdivision thereof may enforce any law or regulation regulating artificial intelligence models… during the 10-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.” —Sec. 43201(c)(1)

Developed by the House Budget Committee, the legislation prohibits all states from imposing “any substantive design, performance, data-handling, documentation, civil liability, taxation, fee, or other requirement” unless the federal government already does—meaning if the feds don’t regulate it, no one can.

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Ancient DNA Study Uncovers Mysterious “Ghost” Lineage in Tibet

Discovery of a 7,100-Year-Old Genetic Enigma

A recent genomic analysis of over 100 ancient individuals from China has revealed a previously unknown “ghost” lineage, shedding light on the genetic diversity of early populations in the region. The findings, published on May 29 in the journal Science, center on a 7,100-year-old female skeleton unearthed at the Xingyi archaeological site in China’s Yunnan province.

The study, led by researchers including paleontologist Qiaomei Fu from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, examined 127 ancient human genomes, most dating between 1,400 and 7,150 years ago. The oldest individual, a woman referred to as Xingyi_EN, provided crucial insights into an elusive ancestral group that may have contributed to modern Tibetan populations.

Tracing the Origins of Tibetans

One of the key questions in East Asian prehistory has been the origins of Tibetan populations. Previous research indicated that Tibetans possess a mix of northern East Asian ancestry and an unidentified genetic component—now potentially linked to the newly discovered ghost lineage.

Xingyi_EN, a hunter-gatherer from the Early Neolithic period, exhibited ancestry distinct from other East and South Asians. Instead, her DNA aligned more closely with a deeply diverged Asian population that had remained genetically isolated for millennia.

The Basal Asian Xingyi Lineage

The researchers identified Xingyi_EN as part of a previously unknown lineage, which they named the Basal Asian Xingyi lineage. This group is believed to have separated from other human populations at least 40,000 years ago and remained genetically distinct due to prolonged isolation.

Unlike Neanderthals or Denisovans—archaic humans known to have contributed DNA to modern populations—this ghost lineage represents a unique branch in human ancestry. “The possible isolation allowed this ancestry to persist without apparent admixture with other populations,” Fu explained in an email to Live Science.

Genetic Legacy in Modern Tibetans

At some point, descendants of the Basal Asian Xingyi lineage interbred with other East Asian groups, introducing their genetic material into the ancestral Tibetan gene pool. “The mixed population has lasted for quite a long time and contributed genes to some Tibetans today,” Fu noted.

However, the researchers caution that these conclusions are based on a single individual’s genome. Further studies with additional samples will be necessary to confirm the relationship between this ancient lineage and modern Tibetan populations.

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Lawmakers Move To Protect Your DNA After 23andMe Bankruptcy

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals was named the winning bidder in the court-supervised sale of 23andMe, granting it eventual access to a gigantic pool of genetic data from an estimated 15 million individuals. The deal has raised alarm bells in Washington, DC, prompting bipartisan lawmakers to introduce a bill that would strengthen protections for genetic data during bankruptcy proceedings. 

Fox News has learned that Republican Senators John Cornyn and Chuck Grassley, along with Democratic Senator Amy Klobuchar, are preparing to introduce the Don’t Sell My DNA Act, a bipartisan measure to protect consumers’ sensitive genetic data. The bill comes just days after renewed privacy concerns surrounding 23andMe.  

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