Tag: science

“We Have Finally Found the Last Piece of the Puzzle”: Scientists Solve a Long-Standing Seismic Mystery

A seismic mystery has been solved as earthquake waves, traveling almost 3,000 kilometers below ground and demonstrating anomalous behavior in their rush toward the planet’s center, have now been explained with the help of observational data.

ETH Zurich Professor of Experimental Mineral Physics Motohiko Murakami led the new study, attempting to recreate the extreme conditions of the inner Earth. Their laboratory work demonstrated a unique rock flow, distinct from that of liquid lava or brittle solid rock.

The D” Layer Anomaly

The lowest part of Earth’s mantle, the D” layer, sits 2700 kilometers deep, just above the boundary with the planet’s core. Strangely, earthquake waves suddenly alter their behavior at this depth, increasing in speed. This acceleration would typically indicate that the waves had passed into an entirely different type of material, a long-standing seismic mystery that has baffled seismologists.

Murakami made an important discovery over two decades ago, when in 2004 he found that around the D” layer barrier, the primary mineral changes from the perovskite that makes up the rest of the lower mantle. This new “post-perovskite” mineral endures extreme temperatures and pressure at that depth.

For a few years, Murakami and his team believed that the change over to this post-perovskite mineral provided an explanation for the seismic acceleration. Yet, in 2007, Murakami uncovered further evidence that the mineral change was insufficient to account for the shift in earthquake waves.

It was a complex computer model that provided the researchers with the missing piece of the puzzle: post-perovskite hardness changes based on the direction that its crystals point. The cause of the acceleration appears to result from when all the minerals’ crystals become aligned in the same direction, a phenomenon that occurs at depths of around 2700 kilometers.  

“We have finally found the last piece of the puzzle,” Murakami recently said in a statement.

Laboratory Pressure

As their medium to simulate post-perovskite, the team synthesized pure MgGeO3 orthopyroxene by using an electric furnace to heat a mixture of fine-grain germanium oxide and magnesium oxide at 1000 °C for 104 hours. The resulting substance was placed under extreme pressure measured with diamond anvils and heated with a CO2 laser to recreate the intense conditions found in the D” layer. The researchers took high-pressure acoustic velocity and X-ray diffraction measurements, which were analyzed with multiple spectroscopic techniques.

The team’s laboratory work successfully recreated the formation needed for the acceleration observed at the edge of the D” layer, demonstrating that heat and pressure can align the crystals in one direction, where seismic waves speed up. This suggests that instead of a change in material causing the anomaly, a change in deformation is responsible for the effect.

Solving the Seismic Mystery

Exactly how these crystals manage to align in parallel relies on a type of movement long suspected by geoscientists, yet one that has been lacking direct evidence until now. The hypothesis is that a form of convection similar to the boiling of water allows the solid rock in the lower mantle to flow horizontally. Murakami’s team’s experiments have finally demonstrated this long-suggested convection action. 

Keep reading

NIH Renews Grants for Harvard Monkey Lab, Fauci’s Beagle and Primate Tests

Despite President Donald Trump’s Department of Veterans Affairs and Navy moving to end cruel animal testing, the National Institutes of Health, under Director Jay Bhattacharya, has renewed millions in funding for controversial experiments, including THC tests on monkeys at Harvard, tick bites on beagle puppies, and Anthony Fauci’s notorious “Monkey Island,” prompting criticism from watchdog group White Coat Waste.

Last month, Gateway Pundit reported how President Trump’s Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Doug Collins, confirmed the department will end primate testing before a 2026 deadline set by Congress.

Following years of campaigning by the watchdog organization White Coat Waste, President Trump’s first administration set the VA on the path to ending testing on dogs, cats and primates after WCW exposed how the agency was giving puppies heart attacks, injecting monkeys with angel dust, crippling kittens, drilling into cat’s skulls, and much more.

Also in May, Trump’s U.S. Navy banned all testing on dogs and cats. The Navy credited WCW, as well as journalist Laura Loomer, the Department of Government Efficiency, and Senator Rand Paul, “for bringing the issue of animal abuse to our attention, leading to the Navy’s decision to ban medical research testing on cats and dogs.”

But holdovers from the Obama and Biden Administrations appear to be preventing this kind of progress at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

A Barack Obama-era NIH staffer, Dr. Nicole Kleinstreuer, has been appointed by NIH Director Jay Bhattacharya to be the NIH’s Acting Deputy Director for Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives. Earlier this month, Kleinstreuer told NPR that the NIH has “no intention of just phasing out animal studies overnight.”

The NIH has renewed several controversial animal testing projects initiated by Dr. Anthony Fauci and other NIH staff members.

Gateway Pundit has learned that the NIH has re-upped grant funds for THC experiments on young monkeys at Harvard University’s McLean Hospital that WCW exposed through a Freedom of Information Act request and that Gateway covered in April. The NIH has committed five more years of taxpayer funding to the project, which was initially scheduled to end on April 30, 2025, and has now received nearly $4.5 million.

Keep reading

Physics Demonstrates That Increasing Greenhouse Gases Cannot Cause Dangerous Warming, Extreme Weather or Any Harm

At the outset it is important to understand that carbon dioxide has two relevant properties, as a creator of food and oxygen, and as a greenhouse gas (GHG).

As to food and oxygen, carbon dioxide is essential to nearly all life on earth by creating food and oxygen by photosynthesis.  Further, it creates more food as its level in the atmosphere increases.  For example, doubling carbon dioxide from today’s approximately 420 ppm to 840 ppm would increase the amount of food available to people worldwide by roughly 40%, and doing so would have a negligible effect on temperature.

As to carbon dioxide as a GHG, the United States and countries worldwide are vigorously pursuing rules and subsidies under the Net Zero Theory that carbon dioxide  and other GHG emissions must be reduced to Net Zero and the use of fossil fuels must be eliminated by 2050 to avoid catastrophic global warming and more extreme weather.  A key premise stated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is  the “evidence is clear that carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main driver of climate change,” where “main driver means responsible for more than 50% of the change.”[1]

The Biden Administration adopted over 100 rules and Congress has provided enormous subsidies promoting alternatives to fossil fuel premised on the Net Zero Theory. The EPA Endangerment Finding, for example, asserts “elevated concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may reasonably be anticipated to endanger the public health and to endanger the public welfare of current and future generations.”[2]

On April 9, 2025 President Trump issued a “Memorandum on Directing Repeal of Unlawful Rules” and Fact Sheet stating “agencies shall immediately take steps to effectuate the repeal of any [unlawful] regulation” under Supreme Court precedents, inter alia, where “the scientific and policy premises undergirding it had been shown to be wrong,” or “where the costs imposed are not justified by the public benefits.”[3]  We understand the Supreme Court has also ruled in the leading case State Farm[4] that an agency regulation is arbitrary, capricious and thus invalid where, inter alia:

  • “the agency has … entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem”
  • “the agency has relied on factors which Congress has not intended it to consider.”

We are career physicists with a special expertise in radiation physics, which describes how CO2  and GHGs affect heat flow in Earth’s atmosphere.  In our scientific opinion, contrary to most media reporting and many people’s understanding, the “scientific premises undergirding” the Net Zero Theory, all the Biden Net Zero Theory rules and congressional subsidies are scientifically false and “wrong,” and  violate these two State Farm mandates.

First, Scientific Evidence Ignored.  All the agency rules, publications and studies we have seen supporting the Endangerment Finding and other Biden Net Zero Theory rules ignored, as if it does not exist, the  robust and reliable scientific evidence that:

  • carbon dioxide, GHGs and fossil fuels will not cause catastrophic global warming and more extreme weather, detailed in Part III.
  • there will be disastrous consequences for the poor, people worldwide, future generations, Americans, America, and other countries if CO2, other GHGs are reduced to Net Zero and fossil fuels eliminated that will endanger public health and welfare, detailed in Part IV.

Second, Unscientific Evidence at the Foundation. Unscientific evidence is all we have seen underlying the Endangerment Finding and all the other Biden Net Zero rules, detailed in Part V.

Keep reading

Third Chinese scientist charged with smuggling illegal biological pathogen into US from Wuhan

A third Chinese scientist has been charged with smuggling biological materials into the United States after a University of Michigan student and her boyfriend were caught last week.

Chengxuan Han was arrested on Sunday at Detroit Metropolitan airport and charged with smuggling goods into the US.

Police allege Han sent four packages which ‘contained biological material related to round worms’ from China to the US.

The packages were sent between September 2024 and March 2025 and addressed to people linked to the laboratory at the University of Michigan. 

Han initially denied sending the packages at all, according to court documents. She later insisted they contained plastic cups, rather than petri dishes. 

According to the documents, she ultimately admitted sending the samples, which she had collected during her research as a Ph.D. student in Wuhan, China.

The charges come less than a week after University of Michigan postdoctoral fellow Yunqing Jian, 33, was charged alongside Zunyong Liu, 34, for attempting to smuggle a weapon of ‘agroterrorism’ into the United States in a sinister plot allegedly tied to the Chinese Communist Party.

Liu arrived in the United States from China in July 2024 carrying four small baggies of Fusarium graminearum – a product responsible for causing billions of dollars worth of damage to livestock, wheat, barley, maize and rice globally each year.

All three of the accused have links to the same university laboratory.

Keep reading

Japan Has Created the First Artificial Womb in the World

Researchers in Japan are developing artificial womb technology, a groundbreaking innovation that could change how we care for premature infants and even reshape the future of childbirth.

This isn’t science fiction—it’s a reality scientists are working toward, and Japan is leading the way.

Let’s explore what this technology is, how it works, and what it means for the world.

What Is Artificial Womb Technology?

An artificial womb is a device designed to mimic the environment of a natural womb. It provides a safe, controlled space for a fetus to grow outside the mother’s body.

The system uses a fluid-filled chamber that acts like amniotic fluid, along with machines to supply oxygen and nutrients through the umbilical cord.

In Japan, scientists have tested this technology on animals like goats and sharks, successfully keeping embryos alive for weeks.

For example, researchers at Juntendo University sustained goat fetuses for up to three weeks in a plastic tank filled with artificial amniotic fluid.

This is a big step toward using the technology for human babies, especially those born extremely premature.

The goal is to help babies born before 37 weeks, who often face serious health risks.

According to the World Health Organization, 15 million babies are born prematurely each year, and 1 million die due to complications.

Artificial wombs could offer a lifeline by allowing these infants to continue developing in a womb-like environment, improving their chances of survival and healthy growth.

Keep reading

Nearly Everything That We’ve Been Told about Genes and Autism Is Wrong

The University of Sydney caps doctoral theses at 80,000 words (excluding references). The theory is that external reviewers don’t want to read more than that (true!). One can apply to the Dean to increase the word limit to 100,000, which is what I did. But my doctoral thesis, as initially written, was closer to 140,000 words. So I had to cut three chapters that I really liked — the political economy of theories of genetic causation, how evidence-based medicine was captured by Big Pharma, and the history of the regulation of mercury.

I believe that some of the information in those excised chapters would be useful to policymakers in Washington, D.C. trying to figure out how to deal with the epidemics of chronic disease in children. So today I am sharing my original (slightly updated), never-before-seen, chapter 6, which challenges the entire paradigm of genetic determinism in disease causation. 

I. Introduction

In the first chapter, I showed that the rise in autism prevalence is primarily a story of environmental triggers (with some smaller percentage due to diagnostic expansion and genetics). The story of how genetic theories became the dominant narrative in the autism debate thus needs to be explained. The hegemony of genetic theories of disease causation comes at a tremendous cost to society because they crowd out more promising alternatives. This problem is particularly acute in connection with autism, where genetic research swallows up the vast majority of research funding — and has for more than twenty years. So, one of the keys to effectively addressing the autism epidemic will be to demonstrate the flaws in the genetic approach to disease causation and replace it with a more comprehensive ontology that has better explanatory power.

To put this debate in context, I want to recap the genetic argument in connection with autism as I have presented it thus far. In the 1990s, it was routine for scientists, doctors, and policymakers to assure worried parents that autism was genetic. To the extent that anyone ventured a guess, the explanation was that autism was 90% genetic, 10% environmental. Then the state of California commissioned 16 of the top geneticists in the country (Hallmayer et al. 2011) to study birth records of all twins born in the state between 1987 and 2004. Hallmayer et al. (2011) concluded that at most, genetics explains 38% of the autism epidemic, and they pointed out twice that this was likely an overestimate. Blaxill (2011) argues that the eventual consensus will be 90% environmental, 10% genetic. And in chapter 5, I showed a model from Ioannidis, (2005b, p. 700) that suggests that only 1/10th of 1% of “discovery oriented exploratory research studies” (which include nutrition and genetic studies with massive numbers of competing variables) are replicable.

And yet, a disproportionate share of federal research money in connection with autism is going to study genetic theories of disease causation. In 2013, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee spent $308 million on autism research across all federal agencies and private funders participating in research (IACC, 2013a). This is a shockingly low amount to spend on research given estimates that autism is currently costing the US $268 billion a year (Leigh and Du, 2015).

When one drills down into how the IACC spent the $308 million, it is largely focused on genetic research (especially if one examines the funding in the funding category “What Caused This To Happen And Can This Be Prevented?”) (IACC, 2013b). This is in spite of the fact that several groups of leading doctors and scientists including Gilbert and Miller (2009), Landrigan, Lambertini, and Birnbaum (2012), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013), and Bennett et al. (2016) have all concluded that autism and other neurodevelopment disorders are likely caused by environmental triggers.

Keep reading

MIT’s Chilling Experiment That Could Prove Gravity Is Quantum

MIT researchers have found a bold new way to approach one of science’s biggest mysteries: is gravity truly a quantum force?

By chilling a tiny mirror to near absolute zero using lasers — a method traditionally used in atomic physics — they’ve opened a new experimental window into the intersection of quantum mechanics and gravity. This fusion of cutting-edge cooling and classical tools might finally let scientists observe whether gravity behaves like other quantum forces, a question that has puzzled physicists for decades.

The Gravity Puzzle: Is It Quantum?

One of the most profound open questions in modern physics is: “Is gravity quantum?”

While the other fundamental forces—electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear—have been successfully described by quantum theory, gravity still stands apart. So far, scientists haven’t been able to create a consistent quantum theory of gravity, leaving a major gap in our understanding of the universe.

“Theoretical physicists have proposed many possible scenarios, from gravity being inherently classical to fully quantum, but the debate remains unresolved because we’ve never had a clear way to test gravity’s quantum nature in the lab,” says Dongchel Shin, a PhD candidate in the MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering (MechE). “The key to answering this lies in preparing mechanical systems that are massive enough to feel gravity, yet quiet enough — quantum enough — to reveal how gravity interacts with them.”

Keep reading

Japanese Scientists Develop Artificial Blood Compatible With All Blood Types

A critical component of healthcare, blood transfusions play a vital role in saving lives around the globe every day. Maintaining an adequate blood supply, though, is no easy task, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The demand for O–negative blood — the universal donor type — often exceeds supply and donations have a limited shelf life. Looking to address the issue are a group of Japanese scientists led by Hiromi Sakai at Nara Medical University. They’ve developed a new type of artificial blood that can be used in patients of any blood type.  

The artificial blood is created by extracting hemoglobin — a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells — from expired donor blood. It is then encased in a protective shell to create stable, virus-free artificial red blood cells. As these artificial cells have no blood type, there is no need for compatibility testing. The synthetic blood can reportedly be stored for up to two years at room temperature and five years under refrigeration. That is a significant improvement over donated red blood cells, which can only be stored under refrigeration for a maximum of 42 days.  

Keep reading

PETA thanks Trump for ending Navy experiments on cats and dogs, calls for broader ban

The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has thanked the Trump administration for banning Navy-funded experiments on dogs and cats.

On Thursday, PETA wrote a letter to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Navy Secretary John Phelan, thanking the administration for the new ban and requesting a broader ban on all animal testing in all military branches.

Phelan announced on Tuesday that all Department of the Navy testing on cats and dogs would be banned.

Keep reading

An Attempt To Reset Science

An executive order on science slipped through last week with almost no comment from the media. Its central concern is to set science on a better path after so many years of egregious abuses in which the core principles of science have been set aside in favor of political messaging.

The title is “Restoring Gold Standard Science.” It is an ambitious attempt to reframe what science is and does, not to politicize it but exactly the opposite. Only better science with the highest standards, the order says, is capable of restoring trust.

You have surely heard that the Trump administration is waging war on science. Read this order: the opposite is true.

“Over the last 5 years, confidence that scientists act in the best interests of the public has fallen significantly. A majority of researchers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics believe science is facing a reproducibility crisis. The falsification of data by leading researchers has led to high-profile retractions of federally funded research.”

To solve the problem, the order seeks to “restore the American people’s faith in the scientific enterprise and institutions that create and apply scientific knowledge in service of the public good. Reproducibility, rigor, and unbiased peer review must be maintained. This order restores the scientific integrity policies of my first Administration and ensures that agencies practice data transparency, acknowledge relevant scientific uncertainties, are transparent about the assumptions and likelihood of scenarios used, approach scientific findings objectively, and communicate scientific data accurately.”

Keep reading