In 2021, The Guardian reported that an initiative to scrutinise climate geoengineering was blocked, initially by the US and Saudi Arabia, then by Japan and other countries.
These countries opposed plans to examine the risks of climate-manipulating technology such as sucking carbon out of the air, reflective mirrors in space, seeding the oceans and injecting particulates into the atmosphere.
Currently, the main prohibition on testing is the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (“CBD”), which the US is the only country not to have ratified. There are also provisions in the London Protocol which forbids ocean seeding.
The Canada-based ETC Group provided a briefing to delegates of COP16 held in Cali, Colombia, last year. The briefing was to reinforce precaution against geoengineering.
The group defines geoengineering as the intentional, large-scale technological manipulation of the Earth’s systems, often discussed as a techno-fix for combating climate change. Climate geoengineering technologies can be divided into three broad areas: so-called solar radiation management (reflecting sunlight to space), greenhouse gas removal and sequestration, and weather modification.
Solar geoengineering, also called solar radiation management (“SRM”), comprises a set of technological proposals to block sunlight from reaching the earth to reduce the earth’s temperature. The most common of the proposed techniques is stratospheric aerosol injection (“SAI”), which involves spraying sulphur dioxide (a coolant that also erodes the ozone layer) into the stratosphere.
Marine geoengineering proposals include reviving ocean fertilisation techniques (under the guise of new names); spreading synthetic reflective beads over Arctic areas; brightening marine clouds; establishing mega plantations of algae monocultures; sinking huge amounts of minerals to change ocean chemistry; and sinking large volumes of organic material and biomass into the seas to supposedly absorb carbon.
In its briefing to COP16 delegates, the ETC Group explained that all geoengineering technologies – including solar geoengineering (interventions to reflect away some sunlight back to space) and carbon removal technologies on land and/or in coastal and marine environments – imply significant impacts for ecosystems and communities.
The reasons why companies are exploring or using geoengineering is to get around the carbon rules imposed because of “climate change.”
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