A group has been formed to study and promote a space-based sunshade to help fend off global climate change.
The idea has been discussed for years, but the Planetary Sunshade Foundation is cranking out papers that support the concept and spotlight the practicality of the approach.
A planetary sunshade, the Foundation advises, could be the best solution for solar radiation management and should be viewed as a key part of global efforts to counter ongoing climate change on Earth.
An innovative new spaceplane cargo system is advancing toward its first delivery to the International Space Station (ISS), as one of NASA’s commercial partners providing resupply services.
The Dream Chaser spaceplane, designed by Colorado-based Sierra Space, is an uncrewed cargo spacecraft that is expected to carry out its first demonstration mission next year, NASA said in a news release.
Currently the only commercial runway-capable spaceplane, the reusable cargo system comprises two components, the Dream Chaser, a lifting body spacecraft, and its cargo module, Shooting Star. The system, a modified HL-20 spacecraft, is designed for reuse as many as 15 times and can be prepared for launch in as little as 24 hours.
Dream Chaser’s first flight will undertake in-orbit demonstrations next year to help Sierra Space and its partners at NASA gauge its readiness for future resupply missions. Flight controllers with Sierra Space will oversee the launch, with assistance and support from NASA personnel and the agency’s launch facilities.
At the time of launch, Dream Chaser’s wings are folded within five-meter fairing panels that are jettisoned once they reach orbit, which protect the spacecraft while being carried to orbit on board a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Vulcan Centaur rocket.
On its way to the ISS, Dream Chaser’s wings are deployed, as well as solar arrays on its cargo module, Shooting Star, which can deliver pressurized and unpressurized cargo to the ISS, as well as retrieve it and bring it back to Earth. The cargo module is disposable, and after each use, it can be jettisoned before reentry.
Before entering joint operations with NASA Mission Control in Houston, Dream Chaser will first demonstrate attitude control, abort capabilities, and other crucial maneuvers well beyond the vicinity of the ISS during initial test phases. These will be followed by near-field demonstrations, which will feature sensor systems and response commands that test its ability to maneuver within proximity to the space station before ultimately being cleared to approach it.
A shoot-out featuring thousands of lasers is about to break out in low earth orbit. Luckily, no one will get hurt—the lasers’ targets are the protagonists’ own communications satellites.
Amazon has just announced that two of its prototype internet satellites equipped with infrared lasers transferred data at 100 gigabits per second over a distance of nearly 1000 kilometers. The company says all of its upcoming 3236 Project Kuiper satellites will include such interlinks, forming a high-speed mesh network to route data around the world.
SpaceX’s rival Starlink system, which already boasts over 1.5 million customers including the Ukrainian military, has been experimenting with optical interlinks for about a year. It recently claimed to have more than 8,000 space lasers on its newest generation of satellites, which began launching earlier this year.
Now the race is on to build the first complete optical inter-satellite link (OISL) constellation, at a price that’s competitive with terrestrial 5G and fiber networks.
China has launched its reusable space plane for the third time.
A Long March 2F rocket lofted China’s experimental spacecraft from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Thursday (Dec. 14) to conduct space science experiments and “provide technical support for the peaceful use of space,” according to Xinhua news.
The launch comes just seven months after the spacecraft’s last mission, a much quicker follow-up compared to the first and second launches which happened 23 months apart, SpaceNews reports.
Hours prior to the secretive spacecraft’s launch, SpaceX stood down from the 7th planned liftoff of the U.S. Space Force’s own X-37B reusable space plane, and even removed the Falcon Heavy rocket containing it from the Kennedy Space Center launch pad. The mission, known as USSF-52, was scrubbed on Wednesday (Dec. 13) to “perform additional system checkouts.” Exact reasons for this delay remain unknown, and a new date has yet to be set for launch.
It’s one of the most beautiful objects in our solar system, a shimmering sphere of pure white ice, hiding a liquid ocean within.
But despite looking nothing like our planet, Enceladus, Saturn‘s sixth-largest moon, may have something in common with Earth – the presence of life.
Scientists have discovered organic molecules in the moon’s plumes that could be supporting ‘communities’ of tiny microbes.
Researchers think these compounds could support their metabolisms or the formation of amino acids.
Experts already know that there are phosphates, methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide on Enceladus – all potential signs of life as well.
NASA researchers say they have identified 17 potentially habitable icy worlds that are approximately Earth-sized, including two that reside in our cosmic backyard.
Similar to the icy moons of Jupiter (Europa) and Saturn (Enceladus) in our solar system, these worlds are believed to contain massive oceans underneath an icy outer shell, where a combination of tidal forces and radiation might enable the types of life found in the deepest parts of Earth’s oceans.
The researchers also said that these icy worlds may contain surface geysers that erupt some of that water into space, where human-made telescopes could scan those plumes for signs of extraterrestrial life.
Dating back to the discovery of the first exoplanet in 1995, most efforts to search for life on other planets have focused on rocky worlds like Earth that orbit within their host star’s habitable zone, where temperatures would permit liquid water to exist on the planet’s surface. That’s because virtually all life on Earth uses liquid water, and Earth is the only place we have definitively found life.
For a long time, it was also believed that virtually all life forms required sunlight. However, recent discoveries of life forms in the deepest parts of Earth’s oceans that thrive in complete darkness have changed those calculations.
Dubbed “extremophiles,” these hardy organisms replace the light energy most life forms receive from the sun with thermal energy spewed by volcanic vents on the ocean floor. They also receive vital nutrients and other organic compounds from these vents, both of which are also critical to life.
These discoveries have led astrobiologists to redefine where they search for life outside Earth. Two of the most tantalizing targets are Europa and Enceladus. Scientists theorize that the tidal forces of their host planets and other moons combined with radiation energy generate enough internal heat energy that these icy moons may have oceans of seawater beneath their icy shells.
In 2005, NASA’s Cassini mission spotted geysers of water erupting from the surface of Enceladus, lending strong support to those theories. The space agency is even evaluating missions designed to fly spacecraft through those plumes and collect samples of the oceans below.
It’s an itty-bitty spaceplane, not quite 30 feet long and under 10 feet tall, with a pair of stubby wings and a rounded, bulldog-like nose. But despite its diminutive size — it looks like a miniature version of the space shuttle — the Pentagon’s most mysterious spacecraft, known as the X-37B, has built an outsize reputation.
Is it a secretive Pentagon weapon? Is it stealthy? Does it sneak up to satellites? What exactly does it do in space? And why is it up there for so long?
The Pentagon won’t say. And the veil of secrecy over the X-37B continues ahead of its launch Sunday at 8:14 p.m. Eastern on its seventh mission. But this time there are some clues that at least something is different.
The drone, which flies without anyone on board, is to be launched for the first time on SpaceX’s powerful Falcon Heavy, which is more powerful than the rockets that have launched it in the past. That’s led to speculation that the mission will be in a much higher orbit, which appears to be the case according to recent documents. SpaceX won the $130 million contract for the launch in 2018.
Still, what it might do in that higher orbit remains unknown.
The mission has “a wide range of test and experimentation objectives,” is the Pentagon’s official statement. “These tests include operating the reusable spaceplane in new orbital regimes, experimenting with future space domain awareness technologies.”
The reference about “space domain awareness” could mean that it will be keeping an eye on other satellites, potentially watching for threats. Having a better sense of what is going on in the vastness of space — where adversaries’ spacecraft are and what they are doing — has become a key mission of the U.S. Space Force. “Our space systems are threatened by a variety of growing antisatellite capabilities, and the joint force is threatened by increasingly sophisticated adversary space-based systems intended to target the joint force,” Gen. Chance Saltzman, the Space Force’s chief of space operations, said in a statement to Congress earlier this year.
At least one part of the mission is known. The vehicle will “expose plant seeds to the harsh radiation environment of long-duration spaceflight” in an experiment for NASA. In the past, the Pentagon has also used the X-37B to test some of its cutting edge technologies, including a small solar panel designed to transform solar energy into microwaves, a technology that one day could allow energy harnessed in space to be beamed back to Earth.
The Boeing built X-37B has also been used to deploy small satellites, but what those did was also a mystery.
Researchers say the discovery of a planet too large for its nearest star is challenging existing theories about the dynamics of planetary formation, according to recent findings.
The discovery, reported by researchers at Penn State University, involves a massive planet orbiting LHS 3154, a star that is around nine times smaller than our Sun, and thereby also much cooler.
By comparison, the newly named planet, LHS 3154b, which orbits it is more than 13 times the size of Earth, which planetary scientists say should not be possible.
Put into context, the mass ratio of the planet to its host star is greater than 100 times that of Earth and the Sun, making LHS 3154b the largest planet ever discovered orbiting an ultracool dwarf star and, more fundamentally, a planet too large to easily fit within current models about how such celestial objects form.
Suvrath Mahadevan, the Verne M. Willaman Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Penn State, said he and his colleagues were surprised by the discovery.
“We wouldn’t expect a planet this heavy around such a low-mass star to exist,” Mahadevan said in a press release describing the new findings.
Generally, once a star is formed, gas and dust surrounding it will form a protoplanetary disk, which will eventually form planets over long periods. However, the disk around LHS 3154 does not have enough solid mass to facilitate planetary formation in the case of an object like LHS 3154b, Mahadevan says.
“But it’s out there,” he adds, “so now we need to reexamine our understanding of how planets and stars form.”
Space has become the new theater of war after Israel shot down a rocket soaring ‘outside of Earth’s atmosphere.’
The Israel Defense (IDF) revealed last week that its Arrow missile defense system took down an ‘aerial threat’ allegedly fired by Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen.
While details are sparse, the accepted boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and space is 62 miles above the surface, known as the Kármán line.
IDF said the Arrow intercepted a surface-to-surface missile in the Red Sea fired towards its territory after the rocket traveled nearly 1,000 miles from Yemen.
Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree claimed it was the third attack the group had launched at Israel and vowed there would be more to come until ‘Israeli aggression’ stopped, referring to the war against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
On a bright Friday morning last week, a Virgin Galactic spacecraft travelled 88 kilometres above Earth to the edge of space. On board were two Virgin Galactic pilots, an instructor and three passengers — and the remains of two ancient-human relatives that lived hundreds of thousands of years ago in southern Africa.
Everyone aboard VSS Unity — including the hominin remains — landed safely an hour after take-off. But the fossils’ journey has drawn extraordinary rebuke from archaeologists, palaeoanthropologists and other researchers. They say that it was an unethical publicity stunt that put priceless hominin fossils at risk, raising questions about the protection of cultural heritage in South Africa, as a government agency signed off on the mission.
“To treat ancestral remains in such a callous, unethical way — to blast them into space just because you can — there’s no scientific merit in this,” says Robyn Pickering, a geologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa.
Other fossils — including dinosaur bones — have been taken into space on various missions since the 1980s, but these are the first ancient-hominin remains to leave Earth. They belong to Australopithecus sediba, which lived around 2 million years ago1, and the roughly 250,000-year-old Homo naledi. Both species were found near Johannesburg in South Africa by teams led by Lee Berger, a palaeoanthropologist now at the National Geographic Society in Washington DC.
In July, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) in Cape Town granted Berger an export permit to transport an A. sediba shoulder bone and a H. naledi finger bone to New Mexico, where Virgin Galactic’s spaceport is located, and aboard the company’s craft. The fossils were carried on the flight by Tim Nash, a South African businessman who was one of the passengers.
Berger’s application said that scientific studies might be conducted on the fossils, but that this was not the main aim of the request. “Major media partners will assist in using this once in a lifetime opportunity to bring awareness to science, exploration, human origins and South Africa and its role in understanding Humankind’s shared African ancestry,” it said.
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