The European Union claims that “the fundamental right to freedom of expression” only applies to journalists “acting in good faith,” and that authorities do not have to give due process before freezing people’s bank accounts, as these sanctions are “temporary and are not criminal in nature,” according to a legal letter shared by a sanctioned journalist.
Last year, the European Union blacklisted 21 people for allegedly spreading Russian propaganda, banning them from doing business in Europe. One of them, Hüseyin Doğru, was falsely listed as a Turkish citizen living in Istanbul. In fact, Doğru is a German journalist in Berlin, making him the first European citizen on European soil to be sanctioned this way.
It was like being sentenced to “civil death,” Doğru told American journalist Chris Hedges. He was banned from holding a job in Europe or having a European bank account, and authorities have restricted Doğru to a €506 ($567) per month allowance from his own money. “The sanctions are designed for people outside of Europe, so they don’t really know how that should function with me, because I’m a European citizen and I’m living in Europe,” Doğru told Hedges.
Last month, the civil libertarian Wau Holland Foundation hired lawyers to contest the sanctions against Doğru. And earlier this month, the Council of the European Union sent a response letter, which Doğru shared on social media, promising to escalate the case to the E.U. General Court. Although the council conceded to Doğru that he is not a Turkish citizen living in Turkey, it still insisted on the authority to punish him for his speech.
The council quoted a 2022 court case between the Russian news outlet RT and several European countries: “The protection of the right of the media and, more particularly, of journalists to impart information on issues of general interest is subject to the proviso that they are acting in good faith and on an accurate factual basis and provide ‘reliable and precise’ information in accordance with the ethics of journalism.”
Doğru’s lawyers insisted that he should be treated as innocent until proven guilty. But the council responded that sanctions fall short of a criminal punishment, so any complaint about a “violation of the presumption of innocence is therefore unfounded.” In other words, because he is not accused of a crime, Doğru has fewer rights than a criminal suspect.
“People need to understand sanctions are an extrajudicial measure. They’re extrajudicial. There’s no court. There is no hearing, no evidence, there is no sentence by the court, nothing,” Doğru told Hedges. “When you’re sanctioned, you are not informed….The day when I was sanctioned, me and my wife, my wife was pregnant back then, we went to the pharmacy to buy medicine for her, and her cards did not work.”
The original blacklisting decision accuses Doğru of supporting “actions by the Government of the Russian Federation which undermine or threaten stability and security in the Union” by spreading “false information on politically controversial subjects with the intent of creating ethnic, political and religious discord amongst its predominantly German target audience.”
Doğru and his wife, British journalist Lizzie Phelan, previously worked at the Russian-funded publication Redfish. A few months after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he split off to create a new website called red.media, insisting to The Left Berlin that “we are not Russian. We are not Kremlin. red.media is not funded by Russia or any other state.” In the same interview, Doğru called Russia an “imperialist” regime.
But in September 2024, a Biden administration “fact sheet” on Russian propaganda offhandedly mentioned red.media, citing a hit piece on Doğru by the German newspaper Tagesspiegel. Doğru told Hedges that the U.S. fact sheet created a circular logic in German media: “They said red.media is Russian because [U.S. Secretary of State Antony] Blinken said so. But what they never said is that Blinken is referring to your articles where you never say it like that. You say there is a suspicion, it might be so.”
