Keynes held that the economy can suffer extended periods of high unemployment because of deficient aggregate spending. A contraction in spending results in businesses having excess inventories and reduced revenues. Businesses respond by cutting back and decreasing their demand for labor. Due to “sticky wages,” this results in a large decrease in employment and incomes for workers. The problem comes full circle and self-aggravating because workers as a whole must restrict their spending due to their reduced incomes.
For Keynes, the solution is found in the government, which can increase the money supply and engage in deficit spending. Monetary and fiscal policies are aimed at stimulating (indirectly) and replacing (directly) aggregate spending, respectively. Instead of focusing on these destructive prescriptions, I want to take a closer look at the central placement of aggregate spending in his analysis.
Hellbound and Down 