Since Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine on Thursday, social media has been awash with videos claiming to show the latest developments on the ground.
At least 137 Ukrainians have been killed, including soldiers and civilians, as Moscow launched air strikes across its neighbouring country and Russian troops closed in on the capital Kyiv.
As one of the most serious escalations in violence in recent European history, the war is playing out in real-time on digital platforms.
But while social media has proven to be an invaluable source of information and live updates for many, it has also been a vehicle for spreading fake material.
Much of that has involved viral content purporting to show fighting between Russia and Ukraine, but actually coming from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region
Hellbound and Down 